Instruments

I use the Nidek 5100 phoropter, which measures the refraction to 0.12 of a dioptre, as oppose to the more traditional 0.25, so it’s more accurate than most systems.

It also has a very useful contrast sensitivity function that helps diagnose non-refractive issues, such as cataracts or degenerative macular problems.

Slit lamps are used to see the exterior of the eye in great detail. It’s used extensively in Dry Eye work and aids measuring tear function and quality.

The lids and lashes are seen up to 40x magnification to check for conditions such as blepharitis and conjunctivitis as well as checking corneal health.